旧制度与法国大革命-图书推荐
内容提要
本书作为辽宁人民出版社“最经典英语文库”第14辑中的一种，精选由法国著名政治思想家阿·托克维尔的经典作品《旧制度与法国大革命》。本书探讨的是法国大革命，在原有的封建制度崩溃之时，因并未带来革命预期的结果，而致使执政者与民众间的矛盾公开化，社会动荡愈演愈烈。《旧制度与大革命》写于1851年到1856年之间，当时的法国正处在拿破仑三世发动政变建立和巩固第二帝国的时代，信奉自由主义的托克维尔对之悲观失望，成为“国内流亡者”，《旧制度与大革命》就是在这段政治大变动时期酝酿成熟的，其中浸透着对法国命运的深沉思考，和对拿破仑三世政权的强烈仇恨。目录
TRANSLATOR"S PREFACEPRELIMINARY NOTICEBOOK I CHAPTER I OPPOSING JUDGMENTS PASSEDON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ATITS ORIGIN. CHAPTER II THE FUNDAMENTAL AND FINALOBJECT OF THE REVOLUTION WAS NOT,AS HAS BEEN SUPPOSED, THE DESTRUCTIONOF RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY AND THEWEAKENING OF POLITICAL POWER. CHAPTER III SHOWING THAT THE FRENCHREVOLUTION WAS A POLITICALREVOLUTION WHICH FOLLOWED THECOURSE OF RELIGIOUS REVOLUTIONS, ANDTHE STATE OF SOCIETY IN FRANCEFOR WHAT REASONS. CHAPTER IV SHOWING THAT NEARLY THEWHOLE OF EUROPE HAD HAD PRECISELYTHE SAME INSTITUTIONS, AND THATTHESE INSTITUTIONS WERE EVERYWHEREFALLING TO PIECES. CHAPTER V WHAT WAS THE PECULIARSCOPE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.BOOK II CHAPTER I WHY FEUDAL RIGHTS HADBECOME MORE ODIOUS TO THE PEOPLEIN FRANCE THAN IN ANY OTHERCOUNTRY. CHAPTER II SHOWING THAT ADMINISTRATIVECENTRALISATION IS AN INSTITUTIONANTERIOR IN FRANCE TO THE REVOLUTIONOF 1789, AND NOT THE PRODUCT OF THEREVOLUTION OR OF THE EMPIRE, AS ISCOMMONLY SAID. CHAPTER III SHOWING THAT WHAT IS NOW3 CONTENTSCALLED ADMINISTRATIVE TUTELAGE WASAN INSTITUTION IN FRANCE ANTERIORTO THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER IV ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTIONAND THE IMMUNITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERSARE INSTITUTIONS OF FRANCE ANTERIORTO THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER V SHOWING HOW CENTRALISATIONHAD BEEN ABLE TO INTRODUCE ITSELFAMONG THE ANCIENT INSTITUTIONS OFFRANCE, AND TO SUPPLANT WITHOUTDESTROYING THEM. CHAPTER VI THE ADMINISTRATIVE HABITSOF FRANCE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER VII OF ALL EUROPEAN NATIONSFRANCE WAS ALREADY THAT IN WHICH THEMETROPOLIS HAD ACQUIRED THE GREATESTPREPONDERANCE OVER THE PROVINCES,AND HAD MOST COMPLETELY ABSORBEDTHE WHOLE EMPIRE. CHAPTER VIII FRANCE WAS THE COUNTRYIN WHICH MEN HAD BECOME THE MOSTALIKE.THE STATE OF SOCIETY IN FRANCE CHAPTER IX SHOWING HOW MEN THUSSIMILAR WERE MORE DIVIDED THAN EVERINTO SMALL GROUPS, ESTRANGED FROMAND INDIFFERENT TO EACH OTHER. CHAPTER X THE DESTRUCTION OF POLITICALLIBERTY AND THE ESTRANGEMENT OFCLASSES WERE THE CAUSES OF ALMOSTALL THE DISORDERS WHICH LED TO THEDISSOLUTION OF THE OLD SOCIETY OFFRANCE. CHAPTER XI OF THE SPECIES OF LIBERTYWHICH EXISTED UNDER THE OLDMONARCHY, AND OF THE INFLUENCE OFTHAT LIBERTY ON THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER XII SHOWING THAT THECONDITION OF THE FRENCH PEASANTRY,NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROGRESS OFCIVILISATION, WAS SOMETIMES WORSE INTHE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THAN IT HADBEEN IN THE THIRTEENTH. CHAPTER XIII SHOWING THAT TOWARDS THEMIDDLE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY MENOF LETTERS BECAME THE LEADING5 CONTENTSPOLITICAL MEN OF FRANCE, AND OF THEEFFECTS OF THIS OCCURRENCE. CHAPTER XIV SHOWING HOW IRRELIGIONHAD BECOME A GENERAL AND DOMINANTPASSION AMONGST THE FRENCH OFTHE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, AND WHATINFLUENCE THIS FACT HAD ON THECHARACTER OF THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER XV THAT THE FRENCH AIMED ATREFORM BEFORE LIBERTY. CHAPTER XVI SHOWING THAT THE REIGNOF LOUIS XVI. WAS THE MOST PROSPEROUSEPOCH OF THE OLD FRENCH MONARCHY,AND HOW THIS VERY PROSPERITYACCELERATED THE REVOLUTION. CHAPTER XVII SHOWING THAT THE FRENCHPEOPLE WERE EXCITED TO REVOLT BY THEMEANS TAKEN TO RELIEVE THEM. CHAPTER XVIII CONCERNING SOMEPRACTICES BY WHICH THE GOVERNMENTCOMPLETED THE REVOLUTIONARYEDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE OFFRANCE.THE STATE OF SOCIETY IN FRANCE CHAPTER XIX SHOWING THAT A GREATADMINISTRATIVE REVOLUTION HADPRECEDED THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION,AND WHAT WERE THE CONSEQUENCES ITPRODUCED. CHAPTER XX SHOWING THAT THEREVOLUTION PROCEEDED NATURALLY